金銅混合礦中銅的浸出工藝研究

作者：紅星機器   發表于(yu)： 2016-04-18 15:31:41

楊帥軍老師 紅星技術工程師

獲取報價

由(you)于金(jin)(jin)礦中(zhong)銅(tong)品(pin)位的升高導致金(jin)(jin)銅(tong)混合(he)礦石成為常見的難浸礦石之一(yi)，因此(ci)，有效(xiao)避免銅(tong)對金(jin)(jin)回(hui)收率的影響是處理金(jin)(jin)銅(tong)混合(he)礦亟待解決的技術難題。紅星機(ji)器(qi)廠針對紫金(jin)(jin)山某低(di)品(pin)位金(jin)(jin)銅(tong)礦進行金(jin)(jin)銅(tong)混合(he)礦綜合(he)利(li)用(yong)工(gong)業試驗(yan)研究，為該類資源的綜合(he)利(li)用(yong)提供可靠的技術支撐。

一、礦石性質

礦(kuang)(kuang)石(shi)采(cai)自紫金(jin)(jin)(jin)山金(jin)(jin)(jin)銅礦(kuang)(kuang)，主(zhu)要礦(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)組成（%）：石(shi)英(ying)70.90、明(ming)礬石(shi)14.58、黃鐵礦(kuang)(kuang)6.94、地開石(shi)6.23、其他1.35。入(ru)堆礦(kuang)(kuang)石(shi)含(han)金(jin)(jin)(jin)0.1g/t，主(zhu)要成分（%）：Cu0.23、Fe2.20、S4.53、A2O311.17、Ｋ2O2.01、SiO270.74。銅的物(wu)(wu)相分析(xi)結果（%）：次生硫化銅72.35、原生硫化銅18.82、自由氧化銅5.29、結合氧化銅3.53。金(jin)(jin)(jin)的化學(xue)物(wu)(wu)相分析(xi)結果（%）：裸露金(jin)(jin)(jin)52.52、硅酸(suan)鹽及(ji)其它包裹(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)24.46、硫化物(wu)(wu)包裹(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)15.83、碳酸(suan)鹽及(ji)氧化物(wu)(wu)包裹(guo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)7.19。

二、試驗方法

按照堆場建設規范鋪設100mm黃土、2mmhdPE膜和400g/m2無紡土工布三層防滲結構建設千噸級工業試驗堆場，堆場規模長18m×寬18m×高5m。礦石經紅星機器鄂式破碎機破碎到P80＝50mm后進(jin)行筑堆(dui)(dui)，入堆(dui)(dui)礦石(shi)量3698t。采(cai)用銅(tong)濕法廠(chang)生產系統萃(cui)(cui)余液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)行生物(wu)堆(dui)(dui)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)工業試驗，浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)入萃(cui)(cui)取系統回收銅(tong)，萃(cui)(cui)余液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)返回堆(dui)(dui)場噴(pen)淋(lin)。浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)過(guo)程中，每(mei)日(ri)檢(jian)測(ce)噴(pen)淋(lin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)Ph、Eh以及Cu2+、FE2+、全鐵（tFE）濃度等參數(shu)；計(ji)(ji)量噴(pen)淋(lin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)流量，計(ji)(ji)算液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)計(ji)(ji)銅(tong)、鐵的(de)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率。生物(wu)堆(dui)(dui)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)提(ti)銅(tong)10、30、50、80天時，采(cai)用鉆孔(kong)取樣、網格布點的(de)方式分別采(cai)集6個點、2個高(gao)度（上層1～2m、下(xia)層3～4m）的(de)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)渣，計(ji)(ji)算渣計(ji)(ji)銅(tong)的(de)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率。生物(wu)堆(dui)(dui)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)周期80d。

生物浸出結束后(hou)，采(cai)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)—堿(jian)(jian)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)工藝進行(xing)生物堆(dui)浸渣(zha)的(de)介(jie)質轉(zhuan)換，使堆(dui)內環境由酸(suan)性(xing)轉(zhuan)為(wei)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)，確(que)保后(hou)續氰化浸出在堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)環境中進行(xing)。采(cai)用間歇噴淋方式洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌，洗(xi)(xi)(xi)6h停2h蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)4d，洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌比1：3.7，噴淋強(qiang)度(du)50l/（m2·h），水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)液返回萃余(yu)液系(xi)統。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)結束后(hou)采(cai)用氫氧(yang)化鈉溶液進行(xing)間歇噴淋堿(jian)(jian)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)5d，洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌比1：2.8，噴淋強(qiang)度(du)33.3l/（m2·h），第(di)一天開路堿(jian)(jian)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)，后(hou)續循環堿(jian)(jian)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)。定期(qi)采(cai)集(ji)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)樣(yang)測定銅(tong)(tong)、鐵離子濃(nong)度(du)，測量(liang)(liang)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)，計(ji)算洗(xi)(xi)(xi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)銅(tong)(tong)、鐵金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)量(liang)(liang)，洗(xi)(xi)(xi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)銅(tong)(tong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)量(liang)(liang)與入(ru)堆(dui)銅(tong)(tong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)比值即(ji)為(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)、堿(jian)(jian)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)階段銅(tong)(tong)的(de)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)率。開路堿(jian)(jian)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)液（Ph2～3）可進入(ru)萃余(yu)液池。介(jie)質轉(zhuan)換完(wan)成(cheng)后(hou)，進行(xing)堆(dui)浸氰化—貴液炭吸附提金(jin)(jin)工業試(shi)驗。

三、試驗結果與討論

1、生物(wu)堆浸提銅

（1）過程參數變化

生(sheng)物堆浸(jin)(jin)(jin)提銅過(guo)程中(zhong)，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)淋(lin)液(ye)氧化(hua)(hua)還原電(dian)位(wei)(wei)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)穩定(ding)，平均746mV。浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)前期(qi)，浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)液(ye)的(de)(de)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)低(di)于(yu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)淋(lin)液(ye)的(de)(de)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)，主要因為(wei)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)淋(lin)液(ye)中(zhong)帶入(ru)的(de)(de)微生(sheng)物在(zai)(zai)礦物表面有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)適應期(qi)，其氧化(hua)(hua)活性相(xiang)對較(jiao)低(di)。30d后，隨著浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)延(yan)長，細菌(jun)數量和(he)活性增(zeng)加，浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)體系FE2+氧化(hua)(hua)為(wei)FE3+，浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)液(ye)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)逐漸升高，高升到880mV。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)淋(lin)液(ye)Ph平均值1.55；受噴(pen)(pen)(pen)淋(lin)液(ye)Ph波(bo)動的(de)(de)影響，浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)液(ye)Ph呈現與(yu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)淋(lin)液(ye)Ph基(ji)本(ben)(ben)相(xiang)同的(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)規律，Ph在(zai)(zai)1.37～1.85之間(jian)(jian)波(bo)動，平均1.60；浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)后期(qi)，浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)液(ye)Ph略(lve)低(di)于(yu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)淋(lin)液(ye)。此時(shi)(shi)，堆內部(bu)分(fen)黃鐵(tie)礦在(zai)(zai)微生(sheng)物作(zuo)用下被氧化(hua)(hua)，產(chan)生(sheng)一(yi)定(ding)量的(de)(de)酸和(he)鐵(tie)，使浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)液(ye)Ph降低(di)。浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)液(ye)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)離子濃(nong)度隨時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)趨勢與(yu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)淋(lin)液(ye)變化(hua)(hua)趨勢基(ji)本(ben)(ben)一(yi)致，波(bo)動范圍較(jiao)大。

（2）銅浸出率

金銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)混合礦(kuang)生(sheng)(sheng)物堆(dui)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)工業試驗銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)分(fen)3個階段：第(di)(di)(di)1階段（0～33d），銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)隨著(zhu)時(shi)間的(de)延長快速(su)(su)上(shang)升，累計(ji)(ji)液計(ji)(ji)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)達39.3%，浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)速(su)(su)率(lv)(lv)較(jiao)快；第(di)(di)(di)2階段（34～70d），期(qi)間生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)管道(dao)檢修(xiu)停(ting)噴5d，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)上(shang)升緩慢(man)，本階段銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)提高(gao)6.5個百分(fen)點(dian)，累計(ji)(ji)液計(ji)(ji)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)為45.8%；第(di)(di)(di)3階段（70d后，以休閑為主），銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)僅(jin)上(shang)升0.6個百分(fen)點(dian)，浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)時(shi)間80d，液計(ji)(ji)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)為46.4%。第(di)(di)(di)2和第(di)(di)(di)3階段，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)速(su)(su)率(lv)(lv)較(jiao)慢(man)，后44d銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)只增加(jia)了7個百分(fen)點(dian)左右。

隨著(zhu)浸(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)時(shi)間的(de)(de)延長(chang)，同一取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)點(dian)同一高(gao)度浸(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)渣樣(yang)(yang)品的(de)(de)銅品位逐漸下降，浸(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)30d、50d、80d時(shi)混合樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)銅品位分別為(wei)0.23%、0.18%、0.135%。浸(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)80d時(shi)，除個別點(dian)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)外(wai)，銅品位均(jun)降到較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低水(shui)平。對比同一時(shi)期(qi)液計和渣計銅的(de)(de)浸(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)率，結果(guo)(guo)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)接近。浸(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)30d和50d時(shi)，渣液銅的(de)(de)浸(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)率較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)接近。由于本次(ci)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)堆(dui)浸(jin)工業試驗堆(dui)高(gao)僅有5m，試驗期(qi)間正(zheng)處冬季，堆(dui)內溫度很難維持(chi)在較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)水(shui)平，不利銅藍(lan)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)浸(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。并且試驗周期(qi)很短，僅80d，礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)中的(de)(de)銅藍(lan)、藍(lan)輝(hui)銅礦(kuang)轉(zhuan)變的(de)(de)銅藍(lan)以及硫(liu)砷(shen)銅礦(kuang)在較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)短時(shi)間和較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低溫度下未得到有效浸(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。如果(guo)(guo)工業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中提高(gao)堆(dui)高(gao)到8～10m，延長(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)提銅周期(qi)到150～180d，銅浸(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)率可得到有效提高(gao)。

2、介(jie)質轉換(huan)

生物堆(dui)浸渣水洗(xi)階段Ph從1.47上升到(dao)(dao)2.33，銅、鐵濃(nong)度分別降到(dao)(dao)0.08g/l、0.28g/l，水洗(xi)階段銅洗(xi)脫(tuo)(tuo)率(lv)為2.7%。開始堿(jian)洗(xi)時由于堆(dui)內呈酸性，洗(xi)脫(tuo)(tuo)液(ye)的(de)(de)Ph較低(di)，且(qie)在堿(jian)洗(xi)前(qian)30h時波動范(fan)圍較大(da)。堿(jian)洗(xi)30h后洗(xi)脫(tuo)(tuo)液(ye)的(de)(de)Ph逐(zhu)漸(jian)穩定在10左右(you)。堿(jian)洗(xi)110h時，洗(xi)脫(tuo)(tuo)液(ye)的(de)(de)Ph上升到(dao)(dao)12，洗(xi)脫(tuo)(tuo)液(ye)Ph達(da)11.5。堿(jian)洗(xi)洗(xi)脫(tuo)(tuo)液(ye)中銅、鐵離子濃(nong)度隨(sui)洗(xi)滌時間的(de)(de)變化(hua)逐(zhu)漸(jian)降低(di)，堿(jian)洗(xi)第5天，銅、鐵濃(nong)度分別降到(dao)(dao)8mg/l、8.6mg/l，堿(jian)洗(xi)階段銅的(de)(de)洗(xi)脫(tuo)(tuo)率(lv)為0.1%。

3、氰化提金

噴(pen)(pen)淋第(di)(di)(di)1天(tian)(tian)貴液(ye)(ye)(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)濃(nong)度(du)高達0.6mg/l，隨氰化時間的(de)(de)(de)延長(chang)，金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)浸(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)速(su)(su)率(lv)(lv)逐(zhu)漸降(jiang)低(di)，貴液(ye)(ye)(ye)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)濃(nong)度(du)逐(zhu)漸降(jiang)低(di)，第(di)(di)(di)14天(tian)(tian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)濃(nong)度(du)降(jiang)低(di)到0.12mg/l。由于(yu)第(di)(di)(di)8天(tian)(tian)和(he)第(di)(di)(di)11天(tian)(tian)貴液(ye)(ye)(ye)分別經過處理，銅離(li)子(zi)濃(nong)度(du)降(jiang)低(di)，提(ti)高了后(hou)續(xu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)浸(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)。之后(hou)，貴液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)濃(nong)度(du)逐(zhu)漸升(sheng)(sheng)高，第(di)(di)(di)22～25天(tian)(tian)，金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)濃(nong)度(du)維持在0.28mg/l。液(ye)(ye)(ye)計(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)浸(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)隨著(zhu)浸(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)時間的(de)(de)(de)延長(chang)逐(zhu)漸升(sheng)(sheng)高。前(qian)14天(tian)(tian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)浸(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)上升(sheng)(sheng)較快，第(di)(di)(di)14天(tian)(tian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)浸(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)即達40.9%；隨后(hou)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)浸(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)速(su)(su)率(lv)(lv)降(jiang)低(di)，后(hou)13天(tian)(tian)平均(jun)日浸(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)僅(jin)增加0.96%。26日停止(zhi)噴(pen)(pen)淋，28～30日清(qing)水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)堆(dui)時將堆(dui)內浸(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)洗(xi)(xi)脫下(xia)來，金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)浸(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)快速(su)(su)上升(sheng)(sheng)，根據洗(xi)(xi)堆(dui)過程(cheng)定期取洗(xi)(xi)脫水(shui)綜合樣測定銅、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)濃(nong)度(du)及相(xiang)應浸(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)流量，計(ji)算清(qing)水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)堆(dui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)洗(xi)(xi)脫率(lv)(lv)為(wei)7.3%。工業試驗堆(dui)浸(jin)(jin)氰化和(he)洗(xi)(xi)堆(dui)合計(ji)液(ye)(ye)(ye)計(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)浸(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)58.7%。

根據(ju)生(sheng)物提銅(tong)(tong)—介質轉換—氰(qing)化(hua)(hua)提金工(gong)業試驗金、銅(tong)(tong)浸(jin)出(chu)情(qing)況可知，氰(qing)化(hua)(hua)階段渣(zha)計金、銅(tong)(tong)的浸(jin)出(chu)率分別為50.0%、13.9%，加(jia)上生(sheng)物浸(jin)出(chu)銅(tong)(tong)浸(jin)出(chu)率41.3%，累積渣(zha)計銅(tong)(tong)浸(jin)出(chu)率為55.2%；渣(zha)計金的浸(jin)出(chu)率50%。根據(ju)氰(qing)化(hua)(hua)尾渣(zha)銅(tong)(tong)化(hua)(hua)學物相(xiang)分析結果，氰(qing)化(hua)(hua)尾渣(zha)中(zhong)銅(tong)(tong)主要(yao)以次生(sheng)硫化(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)礦和(he)原生(sheng)硫化(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)礦為主，次生(sheng)硫化(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)礦含量(liang)由原礦中(zhong)的0.123%降到0.057%。原生(sheng)礦在(zai)反應(ying)體系很難浸(jin)出(chu)，由原礦中(zhong)的0.032%上升到0.034%。自由氧化(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)由原礦0.009%降到0.002%。

四、經濟估算

根據千(qian)噸(dun)(dun)級(ji)工(gong)業試驗的技術指標(biao)，計算(suan)噸(dun)(dun)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)生(sheng)產(chan)總值(zhi)。計算(suan)結果(guo)表明，針對紫金(jin)山(shan)低品位金(jin)銅(tong)(tong)混(hun)合(he)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)（Cu0.23%，Au0.18g/t），千(qian)噸(dun)(dun)級(ji)工(gong)業試驗噸(dun)(dun)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)生(sheng)產(chan)總值(zhi)75.11元，噸(dun)(dun)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)生(sheng)產(chan)總成本(ben)72.24元，具(ju)有(you)一定的經濟(ji)(ji)效益(yi)。如工(gong)業生(sheng)產(chan)中提高(gao)(gao)(gao)堆(dui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，延長浸(jin)出(chu)周期，銅(tong)(tong)浸(jin)出(chu)率可得到有(you)效提高(gao)(gao)(gao)，將取得更顯著的經濟(ji)(ji)效益(yi)。此工(gong)藝可經濟(ji)(ji)有(you)效回收金(jin)銅(tong)(tong)混(hun)合(he)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)石中的銅(tong)(tong)、金(jin)資源，在(zai)處理低品位金(jin)銅(tong)(tong)混(hun)合(he)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)中有(you)較廣闊的應用前景。

通過以上對金銅混(hun)合礦浸(jin)染(ran)工藝的研究分析，有效(xiao)延長了銅的浸(jin)染(ran)周期，并使銅的浸(jin)出率得(de)(de)到了很大地提高(gao)，取得(de)(de)了非常(chang)顯著的經濟(ji)效(xiao)益。