回轉窯測溫中多站點通信技術的研發與應用

作者：紅星機器  發表于： 2016-04-11 14:53:30

楊帥軍老師 紅星技術工程師

獲(huo)(huo)取(qu)(qu)報價

回轉窯窯內溫度檢測準(zhun)確與(yu)否，對球團礦(kuang)質(zhi)量、產量、能源(yuan)消耗及設備安全運轉(zhuan)起(qi)著關鍵作用(yong)。本文單站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點對多(duo)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)通(tong)信系統及低功耗技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)是(shi)以回轉(zhuan)窯無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)測溫系統為例(li)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)描述，該技(ji)術(shu)(shu)同樣可以應(ying)用(yong)于其它無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)通(tong)信領域。無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)通(tong)信各(ge)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)點距離可根據(ju)需要選擇(ze)不同的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)射頻(pin)模塊，再配(pei)置(zhi)合適的(de)(de)通(tong)信天(tian)線(xian)(xian)即可，低功耗技(ji)術(shu)(shu)可根據(ju)無(wu)(wu)線(xian)(xian)發射裝置(zhi)現(xian)場供(gong)電是(shi)否方便(bian)等進(jin)行(xing)選擇(ze)。

一、回轉窯測溫中多站點通信及低功耗技術的研發

本文(wen)所(suo)述基于熱電偶測溫方法的(de)(de)多(duo)站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)無線(xian)(xian)(xian)測溫系(xi)統(tong)，在(zai)回(hui)轉(zhuan)窯窯頭、窯中、窯尾(wei)分(fen)別設置(zhi)一(yi)定數(shu)量的(de)(de)測溫點(dian)(dian)(dian)，并各設一(yi)個無線(xian)(xian)(xian)發射裝(zhuang)置(zhi)從站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，回(hui)轉(zhuan)窯所(suo)在(zai)平(ping)臺(tai)附近設置(zhi)無線(xian)(xian)(xian)接收(shou)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)主站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，構成單站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)對多(duo)站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)無線(xian)(xian)(xian)測溫系(xi)統(tong)。各站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)間直線(xian)(xian)(xian)距離均在(zai)50米以內(nei)。以下就多(duo)站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)無線(xian)(xian)(xian)通信(xin)測溫系(xi)統(tong)以及系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)低功耗技術進行(xing)介紹。

二、回轉窯測溫多站點無線通信系統

1、系統組成

回轉窯(yao)單站點對多(duo)(duo)站點無(wu)線(xian)測(ce)溫系(xi)統主要由(you)無(wu)線(xian)發射裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)以(yi)及無(wu)線(xian)固定(ding)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)組成，整個(ge)(ge)系(xi)統中(zhong)無(wu)線(xian)發射裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)一個(ge)(ge)或多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)，固定(ding)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)只有(you)一個(ge)(ge)。無(wu)線(xian)發射裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)采集多(duo)(duo)路熱電偶(ou)的溫度信(xin)號，通(tong)過無(wu)線(xian)射頻技術將數據(ju)發送給固定(ding)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，固定(ding)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)再通(tong)過現場總(zong)線(xian)把(ba)數據(ju)傳輸給監控系(xi)統。

無線發(fa)射(she)裝置主(zhu)要包括數(shu)(shu)據(ju)采集單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、數(shu)(shu)據(ju)處理單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、數(shu)(shu)據(ju)傳輸(shu)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、供(gong)電(dian)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)，整套(tao)裝置裝于(yu)回轉窯上，隨(sui)窯轉動。其中數(shu)(shu)據(ju)采集單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采集若干組熱電(dian)偶信(xin)號及熱電(dian)阻信(xin)號；數(shu)(shu)據(ju)處理單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采用(yong)(yong)低功耗單片機進行(xing)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)處理；數(shu)(shu)據(ju)傳輸(shu)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采用(yong)(yong)成熟可(ke)靠的(de)無線傳輸(shu)模塊及通信(xin)天線；供(gong)電(dian)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采用(yong)(yong)耐高(gao)(gao)溫高(gao)(gao)能(neng)量(liang)的(de)不可(ke)充電(dian)鋰亞電(dian)池。

固(gu)(gu)定接收裝置主要(yao)包括無(wu)線(xian)(xian)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)接收單(dan)元(yuan)、數(shu)據(ju)(ju)處理單(dan)元(yuan)、通信總(zong)(zong)線(xian)(xian)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)傳輸單(dan)元(yuan)及供電單(dan)元(yuan)等，整套(tao)裝置固(gu)(gu)定安裝于回(hui)轉窯(yao)附近某(mou)處，盡可能(neng)(neng)滿足與回(hui)轉窯(yao)上各個站點無(wu)遮擋無(wu)干(gan)擾的通信條件，采用(yong)220V交流電源供電。其中無(wu)線(xian)(xian)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)接收單(dan)元(yuan)采用(yong)與無(wu)線(xian)(xian)發射裝置配套(tao)的無(wu)線(xian)(xian)射頻模塊；數(shu)據(ju)(ju)處理單(dan)元(yuan)可以選擇(ze)一款運算速(su)度較快及資源豐富(fu)的MCU，除滿足當前的數(shu)據(ju)(ju)處理外，還需(xu)留有一定的擴展能(neng)(neng)力(li)；通信總(zong)(zong)線(xian)(xian)采用(yong)RS-485總(zong)(zong)線(xian)(xian)或者Profibus-DP現(xian)場總(zong)(zong)線(xian)(xian)。

2、系(xi)統(tong)的工作過程

無線(xian)發(fa)(fa)射裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)接通電源后系統直(zhi)接啟動開始工作，每次(ci)訪問(wen)均由固定(ding)接收裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)向無線(xian)發(fa)(fa)射裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)出訪問(wen)請(qing)求(qiu)，循環進行。當定(ding)時器(qi)T1時間(jian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)，固定(ding)接收裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)按(an)照無線(xian)通信協議格式，發(fa)(fa)送(song)請(qing)求(qiu)命令(ling)(ling)給一(yi)個無線(xian)發(fa)(fa)射裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，若在規定(ding)的(de)時間(jian)T2內未收到(dao)(dao)(dao)應(ying)答數據，則重發(fa)(fa)一(yi)次(ci)請(qing)求(qiu)命令(ling)(ling)，然后繼續等待定(ding)時器(qi)T1時間(jian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)，固定(ding)接收裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)送(song)請(qing)求(qiu)命令(ling)(ling)給第二個無線(xian)發(fa)(fa)射裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，重復前面的(de)流(liu)程，直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)請(qing)求(qiu)命令(ling)(ling)發(fa)(fa)送(song)給一(yi)個無線(xian)發(fa)(fa)射裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，如此(ci)往復。

假設有m個(ge)無線(xian)發(fa)(fa)射(she)裝(zhuang)置，固定接收(shou)裝(zhuang)置對(dui)每一(yi)個(ge)無線(xian)發(fa)(fa)射(she)裝(zhuang)置的(de)訪問周(zhou)期設為n秒(miao)(miao)，則固定接收(shou)裝(zhuang)置對(dui)m個(ge)無線(xian)發(fa)(fa)射(she)裝(zhuang)置完成一(yi)次完整(zheng)的(de)輪詢(xun)請(qing)求，需要m×n秒(miao)(miao)的(de)時間。

三、應用前景分析

回(hui)(hui)轉窯測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)中多站(zhan)(zhan)點通(tong)信(xin)實現(xian)了回(hui)(hui)轉窯上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)多個(ge)站(zhan)(zhan)點與(yu)回(hui)(hui)轉窯下的(de)主站(zhan)(zhan)進行無(wu)線通(tong)信(xin)，且窯上(shang)(shang)(shang)每個(ge)站(zhan)(zhan)點可(ke)分別接(jie)(jie)入數十路溫(wen)(wen)度(du)檢(jian)測(ce)信(xin)號。較(jiao)傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)采用(yong)滑(hua)環(huan)法進行信(xin)號傳輸有多項優(you)勢：首先，該技(ji)術相比(bi)滑(hua)環(huan)法而言無(wu)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部分，更(geng)加(jia)穩定可(ke)靠，除更(geng)換電池外(wai)，無(wu)其它維護工作量；其次，相比(bi)傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)滑(hua)環(huan)法每個(ge)測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)點需(xu)設兩根與(yu)回(hui)(hui)轉窯同(tong)心的(de)滑(hua)環(huan)，該方法可(ke)接(jie)(jie)入更(geng)多的(de)測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)信(xin)號，可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)施工成本及工程量，增加(jia)測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)點時只需(xu)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)入窯上(shang)(shang)(shang)站(zhan)(zhan)點的(de)備用(yong)通(tong)道即可(ke)。同(tong)時，與(yu)之(zhi)配套的(de)無(wu)線發射裝置低功耗技(ji)術的(de)研(yan)發與(yu)應用(yong)，有效地(di)降低了其從機(ji)功耗，延長了電池的(de)使用(yong)時間(jian)，從而保證了測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)系統(tong)(tong)長期(qi)正常的(de)運行。

利用無線射頻(pin)模塊的單站(zhan)點(dian)對多站(zhan)點(dian)通(tong)信技(ji)術，實現了(le)回(hui)轉窯的多站(zhan)點(dian)測(ce)溫(wen)，滿足了(le)熱工及工藝(yi)生(sheng)產的要求，并(bing)且對無線發(fa)射裝置的低功耗技(ji)術進行(xing)了(le)相關研究。采用低功耗技(ji)術，可以極大(da)地降低系(xi)統功耗，從而(er)延長電池的使用時間(jian)，減少電池更換次數，保(bao)證回(hui)轉窯測(ce)溫(wen)系(xi)統正常可靠的運行(xing)。